About Corfu

Historical Background

Corfu, known in Greek as Kerkyra (Κέρκυρα), boasts a rich and diverse history spanning over 3,000 years. The island's strategic position in the Ionian Sea has made it a coveted prize for numerous civilizations throughout history.

According to Greek mythology, Corfu was named after the nymph Korkyra, daughter of the river god Asopos. Poseidon fell in love with her and brought her to this beautiful island. The island's ancient name was Scheria, mentioned in Homer's Odyssey as the land of the Phaeacians, who helped Odysseus return to Ithaca.

The island's recorded history begins in the 8th century BC when Corinth established a colony here. Through the centuries, Corfu has been ruled by various powers including:

• Ancient Greeks (8th century BC - 4th century AD)
• Byzantine Empire (4th-12th centuries)
• Venetian Republic (1386-1797) - the longest and most influential period
• French occupation (1797-1799, 1807-1814)
• British Protectorate (1815-1864)
• Greek State (1864-present)

Each civilization left its mark on Corfu's culture, architecture, and traditions, creating a unique blend rarely found elsewhere in Greece. The Venetian influence is particularly strong, evident in the architecture of the Old Town, which has earned UNESCO World Heritage status.

Geography & Climate

Corfu is the second largest of the Ionian Islands and the seventh largest island in Greece, with an area of 592.9 square kilometers (229 square miles). The island stretches 64 kilometers from north to south and varies in width from 4 to 30 kilometers.

The island's terrain is diverse and beautiful:

• The northern part features dramatic landscapes with Mount Pantokrator (906 meters) as the highest point
• Central Corfu has rolling hills covered with olive groves and cypress trees
• The southern region is flatter with beautiful beaches and lagoons
• Over 50 beaches ranging from sandy to pebbled, many with crystal-clear turquoise waters

Climate: Corfu enjoys a Mediterranean climate with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. The island receives more rainfall than most Greek islands, which explains its lush, green landscape - earning it the nickname "The Emerald Island." Average temperatures range from 10°C (50°F) in winter to 32°C (90°F) in summer, with sea temperatures reaching 25°C (77°F) in August.

UNESCO World Heritage Site

In 2007, the Old Town of Corfu was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, recognizing its outstanding universal value. This prestigious designation acknowledges Corfu's unique position as a crossroads of different cultures and civilizations.

The Old Town is remarkably well-preserved, allowing visitors to walk through centuries of history. The two Venetian fortresses - the Old Fortress (Paleo Frourio) and the New Fortress (Neo Frourio) - stand as powerful reminders of Corfu's strategic military importance.

Local Traditions & Festivals

Corfu's unique history has created traditions distinct from mainland Greece, blending Italian, Greek, and British influences.

Easter Celebrations

Corfu is famous throughout Greece for its spectacular Easter celebrations, featuring unique traditions:

• Pot Throwing (Botides): On Holy Saturday morning, residents throw clay pots from balconies, creating a spectacular crash symbolizing the earthquake at Christ's resurrection
• Philharmonic bands parade through the streets playing solemn marches and joyful music
• The Epitaph processions on Good Friday are particularly impressive
• Traditional Easter foods include tsoureki (sweet bread) and lampropomo (Easter cake)

Music & Philharmonic Tradition

Corfu has a rich musical heritage with 18 philharmonic societies and bands - more per capita than anywhere else in Greece. This tradition dates back to British and Venetian rule and remains vibrant today, with bands performing at festivals, religious processions, and concerts year-round.

Cricket

Unique in Greece, Corfu plays cricket - a legacy of British rule. The sport is played on the Spianada Square, one of the largest squares in Greece and the only place in the country where cricket is regularly played.

Carnival

The Corfu Carnival, influenced by Venetian traditions, features colorful parades, masquerade balls, and satirical floats. It's one of the most vibrant carnival celebrations in Greece.